History Note Special: Naval Act of 1794

U.S. and partners’ forces conducted defensive strikes against military targets in Houthi-controlled parts of Yemen this week following a series of attacks launched by the armed rebel group against commercial ships operating in the Red Sea. The joint strikes were carried out by the U.S. and United Kingdom with nonoperational support from Australia, Bahrain, Canada, and the Netherlands. They targeted Houthi missile, radar, and unmanned aerial vehicle capabilities used to carry out attacks against vessels operating in international waters. 

While some have been saying the strikes require Congressional approval, this is not the case.

The Navy Act of 1794, officially titled “An Act to provide a Naval Armament,” was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President George Washington on March 27, 1794. This legislation marked a significant step in the establishment of the United States Navy.

The Navy Act of 1794 authorized the construction and maintenance of a fleet of six frigates. These frigates were the USS United States, USS Constitution, USS Constellation, USS Congress, USS Chesapeake, and USS President. The purpose of these naval vessels was to protect American commerce from threats posed by pirates and hostile nations.

This act reflected the growing realization that a strong navy was essential for safeguarding American interests and ensuring the security of maritime trade. The establishment of the U.S. Navy played a crucial role in protecting American merchant vessels and projecting national power on the high seas.

The Navy Act of 1794 laid the foundation for the development of the U.S. Navy as a permanent and powerful naval force, contributing to the nation’s maritime capabilities and defense posture.