The following article is from the Eastern Shore Soil and Water Conservation District.
Invasive species are non-native plants, animals, and pathogens that are likely to cause economic losses, ecological disruptions, or harm to humans. Many times they have been introduced intentionally as plants for gardens, erosion control, and food for humans and animals. Sometimes their introduction is accidental such as ship ballast water, shipping crates, and they may even “hitchhike” on a traveler’s clothes, luggage, or vehicles.
There are currently over 90 plant species that are classified as invasive species in Virginia. There are also a number of animals, insects, and pathogens are invasive. The economic cost of these invasives is estimated to be over $1 billion annually (Pimental, et al, 2005).
Most invasive species show similar characteristics. They grow rapidly and reach maturity quickly. The are prolific seed producers and have high success with seed dispersal, germination, and colonization. They are able to out-compete native species and they exhibit rampant vegetative spread. They also tend to be difficult or expensive to remove or control.
What problems do they cause? In addition to displacing native species they alter natural ecosystem processes and reduce wildlife habitat. This leads to degraded forests, rangeland, and ag land. They clog waterways, interfere with power line rights of way, and invade landscapes. They spread crop, livestock, and human diseases and impact crop yields.
Invasive species give truth the old adage “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” It is easier to prevent them from becoming established than it is to eradicate
them. Make sure that you clean boats, tools, and shoes frequently, especially if they are coming from a different location, don’t buy invasive species, limit soil disturbance, don’t move firewood, and plant natives whenever possible. If you purchase seeds, make sure that it is from a trusted source so that invasives are not accidentally introduced when planting.
If you find an invasive species, contact a local expert (such as your local extension agent) for help in coming up with a mitigation plan. It is much easier to eliminate if caught early before it has become widely established.
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